Abstract
The Baghdad Pact (1955–79) grew out of a Mutual Cooperation Pact signed between Turkey and Iraq on February 24, 1955. Subsequently, the United Kingdom would adhere to the pact on April 5, Pakistan joined on September 23, followed by Iran on November 3. Concerned that Congress would not approve the treaty owing to the influence of the “pro‐Israel lobby” and so to avoid provoking Egypt's Gamal Nasser, the United States decided against formally joining the alliance. Nonetheless, under the guise of containing the growth of Soviet influence in the region the United States provided military assistance to the member‐states. The July 1958 revolution in Iraq that overthrew the pro‐West Hashemite monarchy led to Iraq's formal withdrawal from the pact in March 1959 and resulted in the relocation of the renamed Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) to Ankara, Turkey. CENTO was disbanded following the overthrow of the shah of Iran in January 1979.
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