Abstract
Bael (Aegle marmelos L. Corrêa) is an economically valuable tree species in South Asia. The ripen bael fruits are popular among people because of the delicious fruit pulp, which is ideal for making jam, syrup, and pudding. Bael possesses many medicinal values and therefore used as an ingredient in ayurvedic herbal medical preparations. The fruits, bark, leaves, seeds, and roots of bael contain bioactive compounds such as coumarin, xanthotoxol, imperatorin, aegeline, and marmeline. These compounds can provide antidiabetic, anticancerous, antifertility, antimicrobial, immunogenic, and insecticidal activities. Bael is also essential as a species for reforestation, especially in the unfertile marginal lands. Bael seeds possess a unique fatty acid (12-hydroxyoctadec-cis-9-enoic acid or ricinoleic acid), a convertible item into biodiesel. Bael is an underutilized fruit species in South Asian countries. However, numerous studies report the medically significant properties and industrially vital characteristics of bael in India. The present review focused on summarizing and discussing the essential details and potentials of bael for industrial applications towards economic development.
Highlights
Bael, Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, is one of the medicinally treasured tree species [1] out of the 250,000 living terrestrial plant species on earth
Bael mentioned in the renowned book Charaka Samhita, a comprehensive compilation of all the essential ayurvedic information, which identified bael as a necessary item in ayurvedic medicine [6]. e tree is aromatic, and all the parts are medicinally important [2]
In addition to the essential medicinal values, bael is reported as an important item in industrial food processing and an excellent source for extracting pharmaceuticals and many other economically important herbal compounds
Summary
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, is one of the medicinally treasured tree species [1] out of the 250,000 living terrestrial plant species on earth. In addition to the essential medicinal values, bael is reported as an important item in industrial food processing and an excellent source for extracting pharmaceuticals and many other economically important herbal compounds. In India and Sri Lanka, bael is famous as a fruit species, which can grow in very tough soils where other trees and other crops cannot grow [6]. Leaves, and other parts of the tree have phytochemicals that possess numerous pharmacological values. When bael extract is administered, the OmpF gene was overexpressed, and OmpR was downregulated These bacteria are resistant to β-lactum; fruit extract restores the inhibitory activity of β-lactam by changing porin channels’ dynamics [77]. A promising antiviral activity was observed against the white spot syndrome virus in shrimp [75, 76]
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