Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in Poland as well as in the world. In addition, this cancer is the second cause of death among oncological diseases. Genetic and environmental factors with a documented impact on the development and progression of colorectal cancer have been thoroughly investigated. Every case of colorectal cancer begins with the stage of a nonmalignant polyp, whose progression to invasive malignant tumor lasts about 10 years. This period is long enough to implement appropriate preventive action that allow early detection and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions. Colorectal cancer screening is the process of detecting polypoid lesions in asymptomatic patients with no history of cancers. Colonoscopy has the benefit of diagnostic and therapeutic tools, which allows to detect and remove of premalignant polyps in a single step approach. The aim of this work is to present the role of a screening program in the prevention of colorectal cancer.
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