Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland caused by bacterial infection in dairy cattle. It is the most costly disease in the dairy industry because of the high use of antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causative agents of bovine mastitis and antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, new strategies to control bacterial infection are required in the dairy industry. One potential strategy is bacteriophage (phage) therapy. In the present study, we examined the host range of previously isolated S. aureus phages ΦSA012 and ΦSA039 against S. aureus strains isolated from mastitic cows. These phages could kill all S. aureus (93 strains from 40 genotypes) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (six strains from six genotypes) strains tested. Using a mouse mastitis model, we demonstrated that ΦSA012 reduced proliferation of S. aureus and inflammation in the mammary gland. Furthermore, intravenous or intraperitoneal phage administration reduced proliferation of S. aureus in the mammary glands. These results suggest that broad host range phages ΦSA012 is potential antibacterial agents for dairy production medicine.
Highlights
Bovine mastitis is the most prevalent disease, which is defined as inflammation of the udder, commonly caused by bacterial infection in dairy cattle [1]
We examined the host range of S. aureus phages ΦSA012 and ΦSA039 against 93 S. aureus strains isolated from milk of cows with S. aureus bovine mastitis in Kushiro (Table 1; n = 57) and Ishikari (Table 2; n = 36) in Hokkaido, Japan
ORF105 was shown to be an receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) that binds to wall teichoic acids (WTAs). These findings suggest that most S. aureus strains analyzed in this study that cause mastitis may have α-GlcNAc on WTAs, enabling them to be targeted by ΦSA012 and ΦSA039
Summary
Bovine mastitis is the most prevalent disease, which is defined as inflammation of the udder, commonly caused by bacterial infection in dairy cattle [1]. It is the most costly disease in the dairy industry because of the high use of antibiotics [2]. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other drug-resistant bacteria have recently emerged [7]. These bacteria can put the lives of humans and animals at great risk; for instance, MRSA is especially widespread in human hospitals. It is difficult to develop effective new antibiotics every time that a new resistance mechanism emerges
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