Abstract
Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease that occurs frequently in early lactation or the dry period, is primarily caused by bacterial infections. There is growing evidence that Aerococcus viridans (A. viridans) is becoming an important cause of bovine mastitis. The treatment of bovine mastitis is primarily based on antibiotics, which not only leads to a large economic burden but also the development of antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, bacteriophages present a promising alternative treatment strategy. The object of this study was to evaluate the potential of a previously isolated A. viridans phage vB_AviM_AVP (AVP) as an anti-mastitis agent in an experimental A. viridans-induced murine mastitis model. A. viridans N14 was isolated from the milk of clinical bovine mastitis and used to establish a mastitis model in mice. We demonstrated that administration of phage AVP significantly reduced colony formation by A. viridans and alleviated damage to breast tissue. In addition, reduced inflammation was indicated by decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the phage-treated group compared to those in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated group. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to show the potential use of phages as a treatment for A. viridans-induced mastitis.
Highlights
Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory response primarily caused by infection of the udder tissue, which has a serious impact on the health of dairy cows and the quality of their milk [1]
Our results showed that AVP can effectively remove A. viridans in the murine mastitis model, and the bactericidal effect of the phage is not affected by other factors in vivo
The murine mastitis model was established by using A. viridans
Summary
Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory response primarily caused by infection of the udder tissue, which has a serious impact on the health of dairy cows and the quality of their milk [1]. Bovine mastitis results in prevalent and large-scale financial losses in the global dairy industry [2]. With advances in the modern dairy industry, farmers have been constantly seeking low-cost and effective ways to minimize the damage caused by mastitis. Optimizing the milking process, antibiotic use and disposal of infected animals decreased this damage, these methods led to an increase in the cost of milk production. Restrictions on antibiotics and new methods for combating resistant bacteria are urgently needed globally [3,4,5], making the development of new drugs and the discovery of new treatments even more important
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