Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus (V. coralliilyticus) is a pathogen that causes mass mortality in marine bivalve hatcheries worldwide. In this study, we used a bacteriophage (phage) cocktail to prevent multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) and phage-resistant (PR) V. coralliilyticus infection in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae. To prevent the occurrence of phage-resistant strains and decrease the effect of mono-phage treatment, we prepared a phage cocktail containing three types of V. coralliilyticus-specific phages and tested its prophylactic efficacy against MAR and PR V. coralliilyticus infection. The results of the cell lysis test showed that the phage cocktail showed an excellent bactericidal effect against the MAR and PR variants in contrast to the experimental group treated with two mono phages (pVco-5 and pVco-7). An in vivo test using Pacific oyster larvae also confirmed the preventive effect against MAR and PR variants. In conclusion, the application of the phage cocktail effectively prevented V. coralliilyticus infection in marine bivalve seedling production. Furthermore, it is expected to reduce damage to the aquaculture industry caused by the occurrence of MAR and PR V. coralliilyticus. Therefore, phage cocktails may be used for the control of various bacterial diseases.
Highlights
The marine bivalve culture industry has been the largest sector of the aquaculture industry worldwide since the development of the aquaculture industry
Like antibiotic-resistant variants, phage-resistant strains can be induced in nature
Pacific oyster larvae as its parent strain
Summary
The marine bivalve culture industry has been the largest sector of the aquaculture industry worldwide since the development of the aquaculture industry. The industry for producing artificial seedlings of various marine bivalves is actively developing. Diseases in marine bivalve hatcheries that occur due to Vibrio sp. [2,3,4,5,6] and Ostreid Herpesvirus-1 [7,8,9,10,11,12] infections cause economic losses worldwide. Vibrio coralliilyticus (V. coralliilyticus) is one of the major causative agents of drastic mass mortality in a short period when larvae are at the free-swimming stage [4,5,13]. Diseases in marine bivalve hatcheries that occur due to Vibrio sp. [2,3,4,5,6] and Ostreid Herpesvirus-1 [7,8,9,10,11,12] infections cause economic losses worldwide.
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