Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Tertiary Care Center, Pipariya, Vadodara, Gujarat

Abstract

The urinary tract is divided into the upper urinary tract, composed of the kidneys, renal pelvis, and ureters, and the lower urinary tract, which consists of the urinary bladder and urethra. Upper urinary tract infections most commonly ascend in nature, originate in the urinary bladder, and ascend through the ureters to the kidneys. The cardinal clinical manifestations of upper urinary tract infections are flank pain and fever, which are often associated with chills, frequency, urgency, and dysuria, and are more suggestive of infection of the urinary bladder and urethra. However, symptoms consistent with lower tract infections develop first in some patients with pyelonephritis or other upper urinary tract infections, particularly ascending infections. Lower urinary tract infections typically involve the bladder and urethra. Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infections among community-acquired infections, and in-hospital setups, urinary tract infections are the most common hospital-acquired infections. At least half of women experience tracts infection once in their life. The majority of patients with UTIs are infected with Escherichia coli. Urine samples were collected by sampling the midstream flow using the clean-catch technique. A total of 135 urine samples were collected from suspected patients and sent to the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis using different methods, such as staining, bacteriological culture identification, and antibiotic sensitivity determined using the standard Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Of the 135 patients, 43 (31.85%) showed positive growth on culture media, of which 29 (67.44%)were female, and 14 (32.55%) were male. E. coli was the most isolated organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas spp., with a frequency rate of 20 (46.52%), 09 (20.93%), and 07(16.28%), respectively. Most organisms are sensitive to imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam, and most organisms are resistant to cephalexin.