Abstract
Pyelonephritis is an inflammation caused by bacteria that primarily effects the interstitial area and the renal pelvis or, less often, the renal tubules. It is one of the most common renal diseases. The main objective of the study is to know and to compare the bacterial species that cause pyelonephritis in its three types, acute, chronic and emphysematous for patients in Iraq, specifically in the Al-Najaf Governorate. 663 (82.88%) samples gave a positive result for bacterial growth, and they belonged to patients with acute pyelonephritis 128 samples, chronic pyelonephritis patients had 288 samples and 247 samples for pyelonephritis emphysematous patients. The chronic pyelonephritis type had the most diverse bacterial species (11) bacterial species, the acute pyelonephritis (9) bacterial species, and the emphysematous pyelonephritis (6) species only. Escherichia coli bacteria was the most widespread of all types pyelonephritis, with a percentage of 34.41% (53/ 154) .For the acute type, percentage of 49.83% (152/305) was for the chronic type and a percentage of 56.07% (157/280) for the emphysematous type. 15 types of antibiotics were tested, and the antibiotics Imipenem and Amikacin were the best for most isolated bacterial species. In terms of gender, age and residence of the patients, females were the most susceptibility 341 (51.43%), and the age group (41-55) years is the most influential 211 (31.83%) and the percentage of residents of urban areas 379 (57.16%) gave the highest percentage of residents of rural areas.
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