Abstract
The antibacterial activity of pterostilbene in combination with gentamicin against six strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of pterostilbene were determined using microdilution technique whereas the synergistic antibacterial activities of pterostilbene in combination with gentamicin were assessed using checkerboard assay and time-kill kinetic study. Results of the present study showed that the combination effects of pterostilbene with gentamicin were synergistic (FIC index < 0.5) against three susceptible bacteria strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli O157 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15442. However, the time-kill study showed that the interaction was indifference which did not significantly differ from the gentamicin treatment. Furthermore, time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was completely attenuated with 2 to 8 h treatment with 0.5 × MIC of pterostilbene and gentamicin. The identified combinations could be of effective therapeutic value against bacterial infections. These findings have potential implications in delaying the development of bacterial resistance as the antibacterial effect was achieved with the lower concentrations of antibacterial agents.
Highlights
Antibacterial therapy has been a keystone of modern medicine practice for the treatment of several pathological diseases [1,2]
It was noted that pterostilbene markedly reduced the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of gentamicin by sixteen fold against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, followed by eightfold and fourfold, respectively, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and Escherichia coli O157
Our results indicate that the interaction of pterostilbene potentiated the activity of gentamicin
Summary
Antibacterial therapy has been a keystone of modern medicine practice for the treatment of several pathological diseases [1,2]. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, it is standard clinical practice to use two or more antibacterial drugs with different mechanisms of action in an attempt to expand the antimicrobial spectrum, to prevent the emergence of resistant organisms, to minimize side effects, and to obtain synergistic antimicrobial activity [3,4]. Natural products and their derivatives have been recognized for many years as a significant source of new leads in the development of new pharmaceutical agents [5]. This study was undertaken to study the antibacterial potency of pterostilbene and its combination with the standard antibiotic gentamicin against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
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