Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be synthesized from a variety of techniques including physical, chemical and biological routes. They have been widely used as nanomaterials for manufacturing cosmetic and healthcare products, antimicrobial textiles, wound dressings, antitumor drug carriers, etc. due to their excellent antimicrobial properties. Accordingly, AgNPs have gained access into our daily life, and the inevitable human exposure to these nanoparticles has raised concerns about their potential hazards to the environment, health, and safety in recent years. From in vitro cell cultivation tests, AgNPs have been reported to be toxic to several human cell lines including human bronchial epithelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, red blood cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, immortal human keratinocytes, liver cells, etc. AgNPs induce a dose-, size- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, particularly for those with sizes ≤10 nm. Furthermore, AgNPs can cross the brain blood barrier of mice through the circulation system on the basis of in vivo animal tests. AgNPs tend to accumulate in mice organs such as liver, spleen, kidney and brain following intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intratracheal routes of administration. In this respect, AgNPs are considered a double-edged sword that can eliminate microorganisms but induce cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. This article provides a state-of-the-art review on the synthesis of AgNPs, and their applications in antimicrobial textile fabrics, food packaging films, and wound dressings. Particular attention is paid to the bactericidal activity and cytotoxic effect in mammalian cells.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that brings together researchers in diverse scientific disciplines such as biology, chemistry, material science and physics for developing advanced functional materials at the nanoscale level
Recent advances in nanotechnology allow the synthesis of various types of novel nanomaterials for industrial and biomedical applications [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
The bactericidal activity of AgNPs has led to their widespread use in cosmetics, medical products, antimicrobial dressings, etc
Summary
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that brings together researchers in diverse scientific disciplines such as biology, chemistry, material science and physics for developing advanced functional materials at the nanoscale level. The physical synthesis process generally employs thermal, laser, or arc discharge power to form AgNPs with nearly narrow size distribution In this context, evaporation condensation and laser ablation strategies are commonly adopted to form AgNPs. In this context, evaporation condensation and laser ablation strategies are commonly adopted to form AgNPs The former approach is carried out by placing a source metal, i.e., chemical and biological routes . The former approach is carried out by placing a source metal, i.e., silver target inside the tube furnace, and vaporized silver into a carrier gas under atmospheric pressure at high temperatures. The limitation of this process is the high cost of laser facility
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