Abstract
Within the frame of this work, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl NPs) as mediated by microbes has been investigated. The nanoparticles were reduced from a silver nitrate precursor by the presence of bacteria, like Raoultella planticola and Pantoea agglomerans. The results show that the characteristic surface plasmon resonance absorption band occurs at about 440 nm. Nanoparticles were also characterized with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed the formation of spherical Ag/AgCl NPs with a centered cubic crystal structure and a mean particle size of around 10–50 nm. Assays for antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized nanoparticles demonstrated meaningful results against microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Furthermore, this study shows that the combination of the obtained nanoparticles with standard antibiotics may be useful in the fight against emerging microbial drug resistance.
Highlights
We have previously shown that biosynthesized silver chloride nanoparticles can exert an antimicrobial inhibitory effect against various microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella, or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens [27,28]
In addition to the fact that the nanoparticles biosynthesized in this paper possess important antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, the results showed that the nanoparticles obtained possess antibacterial potential against other Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, or Gram-negative bacteria, such as Salmonella
It has been shown that the cellfree culture supernatants of Pantoea agglomerans and Raoultella planticola are capable of synthesizing silver chloride nanoparticles
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. In the last few years, the interest in obtaining nanoscale particles through eco-friendly and low-cost methods has considerably increased due to their attractive properties, excellent biocompatibility, and high antimicrobial activity [1,2,3]. It has been reported that nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by microorganisms have enhanced microbiological reaction rates than nanoparticles obtained through chemical methods [2,4]. The biological synthesis methods of nanoparticles have been used mainly for biomedical and bioprocess applications, other improvements in nanoparticle properties have been investigated. Bio-synthesized magnetite nanoparticles have exhibited higher coercivity and less remanence than their chemically synthesized counterparts [3]
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