Bacterial translocation in colorectal cancer patients

Alina Ogizbayeva,Yermek Turgunov

doi:10.23950/jcmk/10926

Abstract

Bacterial translocation is the penetration of intestinal bacteria through the intestinal mucosa into usually sterile tissues and internal organs. Commensal bacteria, despite their presence in the intestine in extremely large numbers, rarely cause local or systemic inflammation, because the unicellular epithelial layer of the intestinal mucosa prevents the migration of these bacteria from the intestine. For years, researchers have wondered how a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells can prevent microorganisms from entering the systemic circulation. Today, the phenomenon of bacterial translocation is considered as one of the main mechanisms of endotoxemia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in various pathologies, including colorectal cancer and acute bowel obstruction. This narrative review is devoted to the search for factors promoting to bacterial translocation from the intestine in colorectal cancer and acute malignant bowel obstruction.

Highlights

Any disturbances in microcirculation of the intestinal mucosa lead to hypoperfusion, edema of the mucous membrane, its ischemia, an increase in free oxygen radicals that destroy the cytoskeleton of the mucous membrane, which contributes to the disruption of the integrity of the intestinal barrier and subsequent bacterial translocation [48,49,50,51,52]
Van Praagh by sequencing 16S rRNA in patients after surgery for colorectal cancer confirmed that anastomotic leak and inflammatory reactions were associated with low microbial diversity: a decrease in the number of normal microbiota and an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria [37]
In a number of studies, researchers have found that bacterial translocation into mesenteric lymph nodes occurs in 65% of patients with colorectal cancer, with predominance in patients with III and IV stages [60]

Summary

Introduction

These days, the phenomenon of bacterial translocation is considered one of the main mechanisms of endotoxemia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in various pathologies, including colorectal cancer (CRC) and acute bowel obstruction (ABO). Any disturbances in microcirculation of the intestinal mucosa lead to hypoperfusion, edema of the mucous membrane, its ischemia, an increase in free oxygen radicals that destroy the cytoskeleton of the mucous membrane, which contributes to the disruption of the integrity of the intestinal barrier and subsequent bacterial translocation [48,49,50,51,52].

Results

Conclusion