Abstract
This study explores the comparative effect of conventional and organic treatments on the rhizosphere microbiome of Mangifera indica cv. Dashehari. The long-term exposures (about 20 years) were monitored under a subtropical ecosystem. Based on plant growth properties and acetylene reduction assay, 12 bacterial isolates (7 from G1-organic and 5 from G2-conventional systems) were identified as Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. In the conventional system, dehydrogenase activity significantly decreased (0.053 µg TPF formed g−1 of soil h−1) and adversely affected the bacterial diversity composition. In comparison, organic treatments had a good impact on dehydrogenase activity (0.784 µg TPF formed g−1 of soil h−1), alkaline phosphatase (139.25 µg PNP g−1 soil h−1), and bacterial community composition. The Metagenomics approach targeted the V3 and V4 regions to see the impact in the phylum, order, family, genus, and species for both the treatments. Results showed that phylum Acidobacteria (13.6%), Firmicutes (4.84%), and Chloroflexi (2.56%) were dominating in the G2 system whereas phylum Bacteroides (14.55%), Actinobacteria (7.45%), and Proteobacteria (10.82%) were abundantly dominated in the G1 system. Metagenome sequences are at the NCBI-GenBank sequence read archive with SRX8289747 (G1) and SRX8289748 (G2) in the study PRJNA631113. Results indicated that conventional and organic conditions affect rhizosphere microbiome and their environment.
Highlights
Maillard and A ngers[13], investigated that the soil organic matter, nutrient availability, and microbial diversity were significantly enhanced by organic treatment
Microbial phylum like Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae were highly abundant in inorganic treatment, and this alteration in microbial dynamics and reduction in diversity resumed by only organic treatment[14,15]
High plant growth promotory groups like Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria,and Bacteroides were in abundance in organically managed orchards
Summary
Microbial phylum like Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae were highly abundant in inorganic treatment, and this alteration in microbial dynamics and reduction in diversity resumed by only organic treatment[14,15] The effects of such treatments on rhizosphere bacterial structure and their actions in subtropical climate are still unclear. These research objectives were conducted as follows; (i) to determine the direct impact of organic and conventionally treated mango rhizosphere on microbial enumeration, PGP (Zn, P, K solubilization, etc.), Acetylene reduction assay, and soil enzyme activities by using culturable approach (ii) to assess the targeted identification (metagenomic analysis) of bacterial diversity of both treatments under subtropical climate by focusing on V3 and V4 region of 16SrRNA gene (iii) ascertained the overall impact of treatment by using bioinformatics, heat map, PCA and theoretical analysis
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