Bacterial resistance in urine cultures during a decade

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem; Due to its great variability, each hospital should carry out its own microbiological surveillance. Objective: To identify changes in bacterial resistance in urine cultures with Gram-negative isolation from the urology department over a decade. Material and methods: Analytical, retrospective cross-sectional study, 1072 urine cultures requested by the urology department of Hospital Juárez de México were collected between 6/01/2012 and 5/31/2022. The percentage of resistance by germ and antibiotic was divided into three periods: initial, intermediate and final to compare with X2 trends. According to the sensitivity report, high resistance >16 and high sensitivity ≤2 were defined. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS V.25 software and Epi Info Companion V.5.5.10 software. Results: For a decade, the urology service of Hospital Juárez de México has a total of 1072 records in the database, initial date 6/01/2012 and end date 06/01/2022. The most frequent germs were Escherichia coli 709 (66 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae 61 (6 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 56 (5 %). The majority of antibiotics showed persistence in the percentage of resistance. Amoxicillin with clavulanate had a significant decrease (X2 Tend=13.17, p=0.0003). Cefepime (X2 Tend=4.84, p=0.027) and amikacin (X2 Tend=5.76, p=0.016) had a slight significant increase. Cefazolin (X2 Tend=5.00, p=0.025), Levofloxacin (X2 Tend=7.81, p=0.005), Ceftazidime (X2 Tend=3.74, p=0.05) significantly increased the percentage of resistance. Conclusion: Dividing the patterns of bacterial resistance by uropathogens, family of antibiotics, levels of resistance and sensitivity, improves knowledge and favors a better selection of treatments in the population attended by the urology service of the Hospital Juárez de México.