Bacterial protease triggered release of biocides from microspheres with an oily core

Abstract

This study deals with controlled release of drugs to a Staphylococcus aureus infected site from microspheres with an oily core and a polymeric shell. The intended use of the microspheres is for chronic wounds and the microspheres may be administered in the form of a wash liquid or incorporated in a gel. Chronic wounds often carry infection, and the use of microspheres with drug release triggered by the bacterial infection is therefore of interest. A lipophilic drug or a model of the drug was dissolved in an oil and the oil phase was dispersed into an o/w emulsion. A nanofilm shell was then assembled around the oil droplets with the layer-by-layer technique using the two biodegradable polypeptides anionic poly-l-glutamic acid (PLGA) and cationic poly-l-lysine (PLL). Since S. aureus exudes proteases such as glutamyl endopeptidase (V8) during colonization and infection, its substrate specificity was key when assembling the nanofilm. Since V8 is known to be substrate specific to the Glu-X bond, PLGA was chosen as the terminating layer of the nanofilm. Crosslinking the nanofilm after assembly lead to increased stability of the microspheres. It was shown that in a non-infectious environment, i.e. when a human wound enzyme, HNE (human neutrophile elastase), was present, the microspheres remained intact. The staphylococcal protease V8, on the other hand, readily catalyzed degradation of the microspheres, thus releasing the drug when triggered by the infectious environment.