Abstract
Triton X-100, as one of the most popular surfactants used in bioremediation techniques, has been reported as an effective agent enhancing the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. However efficient, the surfactant’s role in different processes that together enable the satisfying biodegradation should be thoroughly analysed and verified. In this research, we present the interactions of Triton X-100 with the bacterial surfaces (hydrophobicity and zeta potential), its influence on the enzymatic properties (considering mono- and dioxygenases) and profiles of fatty acids, which then all together were compared with the biodegradation rates. The addition of various concentrations of Triton X-100 to diesel oil system revealed different cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of the tested strains. The results demonstrated that for Pseudomonas stutzeri strain 9, higher diesel oil biodegradation was correlated with hydrophilic properties of the tested strain and lower Triton X-100 biodegradation. Furthermore, an increase of the branched fatty acids was observed for this strain.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3668-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
An increasing popularity of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is inevitably a driving force towards more and more successful methods, possibly increasing the effectiveness of this biological utilization method
Triton X-100 belongs to the group of the so called octylphenol polyethoxylate (OPEOn) surfactants and has been proven to be biodegradable by some bacterial strains (Chen et al 2005)
The laboratory tests with different concentrations of surfactants showed that diesel oil biodegradation was the most effective when 120 mg L−1 of Triton X-100 was used
Summary
An increasing popularity of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is inevitably a driving force towards more and more successful methods, possibly increasing the effectiveness of this biological utilization method. A special emphasis has been put on an addition of surface active agents to the biological systems (Randazzo et al 2001) These substances can increase a very limited water solubility of hydrocarbons (Paria 2008) and might have an influence on the bacterial surface characteristics (Kaczorek et al 2013a). Triton X-100 belongs to the group of the so called octylphenol polyethoxylate (OPEOn) surfactants (which are widely used in the commercial and industrial products, such as detergents, cosmetics or cleaning agents) and has been proven to be biodegradable by some bacterial strains (Chen et al 2005) Both its biodegradability and easy commercial accessibility give the opportunity to use Triton X-100 as an enhancing factor for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons
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