Bacterial profile of aggressive periodontitis in Morocco: a cross-sectional study.

Hanane Chahboun,Mariano Sanz,David Herrera,Maria Minguez Arnau,Oum Keltoum Ennibi

doi:10.1186/s12903-015-0006-x

Hanane Chahboun, Mariano Sanz + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-015-0006-x

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Abstract

BackgroundAggressive periodontitis (AgP) is one of the most severe forms of periodontal diseases. In Morocco, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been strongly associated with AgP, however limited knowledge is available about the implication of other periodontal pathogens in this entity. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the subgingival microbiota in Moroccan patients with AgP.MethodsSubgingival plaque samples were collected from 50 aggressive, 13 localized and 37 generalized periodontitis patients. Samples from 20 chronic periodontitis (ChP) patients were taken as controls. Samples collected from the four deepest periodontal pockets in each patient were pooled in pre-reduced transport fluid and examined by culture.ResultsA. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly more frequent (p = 0.004) in generalised AgP compared to ChP, and Porphyromonas gingivalis was less prevalent in localized AgP, when compared with generalized AgP (p = 0.040) or ChP (p = 0.016). Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia were also frequently detected in all groups. Mean proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans were significantly higher in AgP groups, when compared to ChP, and generalized AgP patients harbored significantly higher proportions of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, when compared to localized AgP or ChP.ConclusionsA. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia and F. nucleatum were frequently detected in this Moroccan population with AgP. Differences in frequency of detection, counts and proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and T. forsythia suggests the presence of distinct microbiological profiles for localized AgP, generalized AgP and ChP patients.

Highlights

Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is one of the most severe forms of periodontal diseases
Pockets were significantly deeper in AgP than in chronic periodontitis (ChP) patients (p < 0.001), and CAL was significantly higher for AgP (p < 0.001)
Mombelli et al [23] evaluated whether the presence or absence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis, P.intermedia, T.forsythia, and C. rectus could distinguish between ChP and GAgP

Summary

Introduction

Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is one of the most severe forms of periodontal diseases. The etiology of periodontitis is very complex including the dental biofilm, which triggers the immuno-inflammatory response in a susceptible host. This interaction leads to the destruction of the periodontal tissues [1,2]. The host immune response modules the evolution of the disease toward destruction or cure [8] The role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of the human periodontitis is based on their high frequency of isolation, the ability to adhere to epithelial cells, the ability to produce numerous virulent factors like the extracellular matrix proteins, protease, collagenase, endotoxin (LPS), bacteriocins, hemotactic inhibitors, leucotoxins, cytotoxins, toxic metabolic substances (H2S, putricines), immunosuppressive proteins, etc. The role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of the human periodontitis is based on their high frequency of isolation, the ability to adhere to epithelial cells, the ability to produce numerous virulent factors like the extracellular matrix proteins, protease, collagenase, endotoxin (LPS), bacteriocins, hemotactic inhibitors, leucotoxins, cytotoxins, toxic metabolic substances (H2S, putricines), immunosuppressive proteins, etc. [9,10]

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