Abstract
Background: Neonatal septicemia is a major health problem in developing countries furthermore data on bacteriological profile in early onst sepses (EOS) and late neonatal sepsis (LOS) are lacking in context of continuous change in bacteriological profile and increasing resistant strains. Objectives: The study done to determine the pattern of organisms implicated in neonatal septicemia in a neonatal care unit and to measure the degree of bacterial resistance to some antibiotics.
 Type of the study : cross –sectional study.
 Methods: Confirmed cases of neonatal septicemia admitted at Al-Alwyia pediatric teaching hospital for the period from January 2011- January 2012 were included which constitute 107 case. Blood samples were obtained, incubated and Subculture was done on blood agar and MacConkey Agar routinely after 48 hours and 7 days and in between if visible turbidity appeared. Bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity were identified by standard conventional methods.
 Results EOS constituted 29.9%(32 case) of confirmed neonatal sepsis , while LOS constituted 70.1% (75case) .Eescehrichia coli (E. coli) constitutes 37% of EOS followed by Klebsella pneumonia and Staphylocoocus species (which constitute 12.5% for each of them ) were the most common microorganisms, while for LOS: E.coli constituted 38.7 % of LOS followed by Staphylocoocus species 17.3% and Klebsella pneumonia 10.7%. Gram negative (G negative) bacteria predominated over gram positive (G positive) bacteria in both EOS (81.2%) and LOS (74.7%) . Staphylocoocus species predominates G positive sepsis in both EOS and LOS. Group B streptococci are not identified in the study sample. Microorganisms tested shows highly resistant to amoxicillin or ampicillin and to gentamycin.For amoxicillin or ampicillin higher resistant (100%) were encourted with pseudomonas, proteus and Enterobacter. For cefotaxime high rate of resistance encountered with klebsella (71.4%) compared to 40% resistant in pseudomonas. Amikacin also shows varied degree of resistant for E. coli(22% ) and klebsella (41%) , pseudomonas(10%) ,and Enterobacter (16.7%) .for Staphylococcus aureus, proteus and citrobacter no resistance was encountered to amikacin and the sensitivity was 100% in tested isolates .
 Conclusions: G negative bacteria is more common in EOS and LOS with predominant of E. coli in two categories .Resistant strains to commonly used antibiotics is a common finding. Guidelines in treatment of neonatal sepsis should be frequently reviewed taking in consideration antimicrobial resistance . Due to magnitude of problem, preventive measures for EOS and LOS should be considered.
Highlights
Neonatal septicemia is a major health problem in developing countries data on bacteriological profile in early onst sepses (EOS) and late neonatal sepsis (LOS) are lacking in context of continuous change in bacteriological profile and increasing resistant strains
A case of sepsis was defined as an infant who had clinical signs of infection or those who were born to mothers with risk factors for infection, in whom blood culture grew a bacterial pathogen.EOS include all cases presented during 72 hours of life while LOS after 72 hours of life till 28 days of life .Neonatal period constitute the first 28 days of life Blood cultures were collected before starting antibiotics from all neonates with risk factors of sepsis and whenever relevant clinical signs were present
G negative Bacteria predominates in both EOS(24.3% for G negative vs 4.7% for G positive bacteria ) and LOS(52.3%for G negative vs 16.8% for G positive)
Summary
Neonatal septicemia is a major health problem in developing countries data on bacteriological profile in early onst sepses (EOS) and late neonatal sepsis (LOS) are lacking in context of continuous change in bacteriological profile and increasing resistant strains. Objectives: The study done to determine the pattern of organisms implicated in neonatal septicemia in a neonatal care unit and to measure the degree of bacterial resistance to some antibiotics. Amikacin shows varied degree of resistant for E. coli(22% ) and klebsella (41%) , pseudomonas(10%) ,and Enterobacter (16.7%) .for Staphylococcus aureus, proteus and citrobacter no resistance was encountered to amikacin and the sensitivity was 100% in tested isolates. Conclusions: G negative bacteria is more common in EOS and LOS with predominant of E. coli in two categories .Resistant strains to commonly used antibiotics is a common finding.
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