Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive and systematic study of the field of bacterial plant biostimulants and considers the fundamental and innovative principles underlying this technology. Plant biostimulants are an important tool for modern agriculture as part of an integrated crop management (ICM) system, helping make agriculture more sustainable and resilient. Plant biostimulants contain substance(s) and/or microorganisms whose function when applied to plants or the rhizosphere is to stimulate natural processes to enhance plant nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, biocontrol, and crop quality. The use of plant biostimulants has gained substantial and significant heed worldwide as an environmentally friendly alternative to sustainable agricultural production. At present, there is an increasing curiosity in industry and researchers about microbial biostimulants, especially bacterial plant biostimulants (BPBs), to improve crop growth and productivity. The BPBs that are based on PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) play plausible roles to promote/stimulate crop plant growth through several mechanisms that include (i) nutrient acquisition by nitrogen (N2) fixation and solubilization of insoluble minerals (P, K, Zn), organic acids and siderophores; (ii) antimicrobial metabolites and various lytic enzymes; (iii) the action of growth regulators and stress-responsive/induced phytohormones; (iv) ameliorating abiotic stress such as drought, high soil salinity, extreme temperatures, oxidative stress, and heavy metals by using different modes of action; and (v) plant defense induction modes. Presented here is a brief review emphasizing the applicability of BPBs as an innovative exertion to fulfill the current food crisis.
Highlights
The global environment is changing continuously and the incidence of global warming caused by extreme climatic events is on the rise, disturbing the world ecosystems, including agro-ecosystems [1]
Bacteria are known to interact with plants in all possible ways [32], including (i) continuum of symbiosis; (ii) bacteria niches extending from the substrate to the interior of cells, which are called intermediate locations for rhizosphere and rhizoplane; (iii) associations that are transient or lifelong; and (iv) functions that affect lots, including engagement in biogeochemical cycles, the supply of nutrients, increased nutrient consumer efficiency, induction of resistance, increased stress tolerance, plant growth regulators, and morphogenesis control
This study indicates that bacterial reacive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase help trigger a typical Induction of Systemic Resistance (ISR) plant defense response against pathogens [178]
Summary
The global environment is changing continuously and the incidence of global warming caused by extreme climatic events is on the rise, disturbing the world ecosystems, including agro-ecosystems [1]. Bacteria are known to interact with plants in all possible ways [32], including (i) continuum of symbiosis; (ii) bacteria niches extending from the substrate to the interior of cells, which are called intermediate locations for rhizosphere and rhizoplane; (iii) associations that are transient or lifelong; and (iv) functions that affect lots, including engagement in biogeochemical cycles, the supply of nutrients, increased nutrient consumer efficiency, induction of resistance, increased stress tolerance, plant growth regulators, and morphogenesis control In this regard, a large amount of work presented in recent literature has a sharp emphasis on potential applications of the bacterial association of plants largely as agents for promoting plant growth and maintaining soil and crop health [33,34,35,36].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
