Bacterial non-specific nucleases of the phospholipase D superfamily and their biotechnological potential.

Abstract

Bacterial non-specific nucleases are ubiquitously distributed and involved in numerous intra- and extracellular processes. Although all nucleases share the basic chemistry for the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acid molecules, the catalysis comprises diverse modes of action, which offers great potential for versatile biotechnological applications. A major criterium for their differentiation is substrate specificity. Specific endonucleases are widely used as restriction enzymes in molecular biology approaches, whereas the main applications of non-specific nucleases (NSNs) are the removal of nucleic acids from crude extracts in industrial downstream processing and the prevention of cell clumping in microfabricated channels. In nature, the predominant role of NSNs is the acquisition of nutrient sources such as nucleotides and phosphates. The number of extensively characterized NSNs and available structures is limited. Moreover, their applicability is mostly challenged by the presence of metal chelators that impede the hydrolysis of nucleic acids in a metal ion-dependent manner. However, a few metal ion-independent NSNs that tolerate the presence of metal chelators have been characterized in recent years with none being commercially available to date. The classification and biotechnological potential of bacterial NSNs with a special focus on metal ion-independent nucleases are presented and discussed.Key Points • Bacterial phospholipases (PLD-family) exhibit nucleolytic activity. • Bacterial nucleases of the PLD-family are metal ion-independent. • NSNs can be used in downstream processing approaches.