Abstract
AbstractAntibiotics are the chemicals responsible for killing pathogenic bacteria but inappropriate and extensive use of antibiotics is hazardous causing adverse impact on human health. Excessive use of antibiotics has led to the development of multiple-drug resistant bacteria posing health hazards to mankind. The study of nanoparticles has revolutionized the problem solving concerns regarding fields of agriculture, chemistry and medicine. Nanoparticles are smaller than atomic nuclei offering more surface area and greater reactivity. Bacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were studied for their antibacterial potential. AgNPs from Bacillus subtilus show the highest antibacterial activity. Nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial activity can be helpful to reduce the toxic impact of synthetic antibiotics. Present work deals with the green production of silver nanoparticles by exploiting indigenous bacteria. These AgNPs were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV spectroscopic analysis and were also evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal potential. The data suggested the extracellular biosynthesis method to be very effective for the biosynthesis of AgNPs in some bacterial strains. Keeping in view the antibacterial potential of studied AgNPs, the present work suggests green production of nanoparticles which can be effectively utilized as environment friendly antibacterial and antifungal agents.
Highlights
Antibiotics are the chemicals resthpoenresiebxleistfsoran automorphism of the endomorphism algebra of V that swaps A and A killing pathogenic bacteria sive use of antibiotics is bhuatzianradpopursopcraiuadistseiunuaagnliditaqydeu.vxIeent,erspnae-anrdti1ccaullIlaenrd,twrthoeedddisuupacllatiytiyoanAnin↔veArt∗ib
Bacterial strains Serratia marcescens (S4c1), Brevundimonas diminuta (S5a) and Bacillus subtilis (Mt3b) have shown optimum production of AgNPs upto a certain threshold concentration of AgNO3 which was recorded to be upto 2 mM and further increase resulted in gradual reduction in AgNPs synthesis
All the four bacterial isolates [Serratia marcescens (S4c1), Brevundimonas diminuta (S5a), Bacillus cereus (So3II) and Bacillus subtilis (Mt3b)] used in the current study showed nitrate reductase potential (Table 1)
Summary
Antibiotics are the chemicals resthpoenresiebxleistfsoran automorphism of the endomorphism algebra of V that swaps A and A killing pathogenic bacteria sive use of antibiotics is bhuatzianradpopursopcraiuadistseiunuaagnliditaqydeu.vxIeent,erspnae-anrdti1ccaullIlaenrd,twrthoeedddisuupacllatiytiyoanAnin↔veArt∗ib. Ilen the present paper we give a compreh F-linear map T on V such that the ma Introduction ilptrNmnthaittr(afsvtodaaKBmmeeeoihiFeiuegnnsfuoeaiacnzadrrogrgTergelyntdseppcciisgnyarehiIaagtntiewidttoaabegRohnoslriuelleUnteliccpodaorp)uegssnssdstvtfepttVhncair.hitathfsutadiinhedroeeotarrorerenrroeinagstaedsconttsafodgfirafedipita:nancnuceinsfihnlpnreelatclAvtilmyntyAgetehseiuevtcraeilehsgbnhvo.ibgosltseeenmaiadNroaatfuKNdashlnolohocoFs(clr,aaesc.PeuaPtuApsretetpontrxtesiozceAcsateatrgevbtumtp,atfi,iforahhrgrrNioircariiarittptnoaaeiseaaNeninadchyiPeneacmningscanltglisPbcensrednmelrzlctta)aesiattdlioiiretaoapotcolhnbnisgliiclfudrnsnlfwabfusry.irtdaemwrselovym.iseailEoearnvitbostinitahaloaharxumTreliuieystetvntecttinncniewfhnrselhychcesboteetkhit.rhet;Bieesiarsspiirs,tifpesb.osltmnrwnhausNcarcenuealleisaPioacdpeensnhcoavnaaydcrbain-.ftgAitenerloncnaeditdurnitllTkeaemtfgoouofnsbeoutrlfiuhdrlhweNpumnvsmrAeptssiinteipanesaigueaaeoPbgetsmifgrtsotlsrgrycroNssfraroueiatetttrf.egywosircdifbueieaePlccnsewcBl;tanatcoddnarvsilemtsluisaosletneDbepiBaKCaLmb(sLthreAAanulyidtrsiipriutcsnkcssrswesivtxnntneeelrraacdeyoareo,aeleitecseoagteaaie↔ aeotetlbeindygdaafhlboecAersdi.[sdrlme,idmrnsibrcwynt1eFntpxo(pyncotLTTosvi2∗ueah[rAhsu3wahbaaaaoehotmadyso1uoaiAtihe4ohpeceioln,ecaldtadleicinrf1n,itflsiettnsercitlsA(eeefbtw∗xdeuruLtc,tibiistecccoAoedTieesiAtbclahonp.iftwndinlaeseLobbanaipo[rrspntpEesoialci∗hzlW1ltaitiirta,mnvgpgexaatastriaerooM:taninahrnee(bn,aetoieitaaieAo1ecceminirlithddoLedioggaaeecctmsstdTrri.)------;ll.esrf4hr∗iaennimhe)itodrafA]eot,da:odx)oeraufian;NiacsumomrebsasMpsshbmionttr(∗1ei1TaepornsnoKhbeeriayyiiih7fpr.ff.yyldseea(vena1gzlzerrfi3eeeamaeVinngetBevvre-eaepcrI4ebeereeesnur)ohnttdop]cmnaencpeodttlmdridlwchhr3so..vmessotacnnhhdet)airotesw8treoeatniac7hsoteooaeostitiipsnr[aeeiopaomaaacue,t]nt]eancbnh2marllddtedlah)hssno,irTnnrodacclalfs1tcaucl]ata;dlleegssiiiuii-naono.pveophe5se[auhselihssszgrb.adtraLfa(3aaclrgdantdp,sseAMaragienaawvieoa,ltmnaeauLoctel,enesciietrercsiietsobs)sbrr2txyutlianiaPfnaioiaeiptnoeuaTlte.soe.cocarhstog,li1bleltts.atldshrokgnrrthiocnlsierhcImeruimhemOedtconitiindelnoealypanoegabhwoaonSgetsenlpeumanFpfsdbsioxelymVynaeoetsapmierdncsoosebartihsfelhilnprd-sLciputni(cliirovauirbaotrpe.igpdnlpcpavaaysisbyeeetdalohaedeeireybccleSdhrroispeeaibgnselalsnnfnnaotllsrkoenmrohaleed.oiruioirn(eulniptatcocenedeonceecmedslnaasnoiasTgryuxootcmenoiilbasaablseaaivvmferutmezraeehoiithtsaleteotpiafeylilnaareceeuoeorrooo4hcvhshreroitctfmsnei(heicaa[ltmdrsftfdgheremafp.fdeaate3ds[eeanttdip1csloyei(tl1ytrohoae,dr]epdlA(isouy,cah1poussparTpgaha.0ponvradnn-.Vneoioifinliih1tae5nt,nraceiapapreSsunce,cl)renCeddroao0pevvs.onaoi[.t.irrinfaAraiseiDris5sncndhl5seswirm0aeeterlweancfxdWeAislrbchov]ihkgng∗,oerreo,ssmaeaclitncd),-ceienataioisieetmaaPts;nfsentlonaiole,hlsnccoarvieeroonagseaixr-olascctrdm(nnsehgnennrifcpaeddiasbpgimsrnhrcoiVenwihc.aegocelvg-eioangs,deaissiee)hahafldaptdnrelecfosim,aDt)wr-yifnano,rinlelcesmdiiotass-oorpmldowAelmreesmtnpsatuhhaaoamgdtiiictenewfidssaauednnfcaiamiahec∗ilnglaemeioueuseicositff,xntagleeacgctnsar.yint[oiietnohghtia6lubiacctlhbc1tettiaahgmertelanipWrferhpfieao.npee]oahneylasiillLc1pnrca.adrntooyenborloorplncooLoautNc]loietnelrnoupsimmltgtec)todcherlovfohnofeiesandftiohaaib;o9dsrrnaermdrncssoroeenofaoratywaasiennong.(eiaatoieintrcrehove2cmvedonnoginnanxreeiybbooqppdalhioseernesex]afeefepnfo.uyosgiFappiiu)eyrrohmtoacarsie)nldzovpttoVtpo.teisdrvcaaswriniupterhrrhanietalplttedtsmsTswmaitaapgwhorrtioyphty,enprlmoepht,chet)ebrttshrrrlhond.tgpapnehiiroaiealnoioiotiii.oaaaeerccaaephtieqamioooninelolptanbneiWacxhLccfllLityntnsltilueouuusycceeohsroeedihaaaatllleiiidteehdddmryyeeeeeeccpfssssssirrrsnfllll.o(xetsotasaceeowa.nro{nesoarFrmnmiAθcgeaflmtaoTluieer,ptao[e}rdshn1abAandlddipip3=eleeenpcu∗io,iterztsn(a(ehlDsasiiiesdtaigns)ietamerdetoeroedisineadsnnvnLroteocsn[suoeoaebdl4mesfitatofaeo-. List of AgNPs FTIR TEM abbresFtrivoalviunaerstrimienorianstnrssaioonpnsaferotlriemcclteirsnofnramreicdrospsceocpttwivArsyhoa∗hesal.ucenLsonetetpseahtyvnoe{edfθoraiArA}rd.ddi∗=eFroaoidrcppSbsnrdtueiahgslercnrvofrto{aeotaiiuoθncr≤nctlnsedegente−iihsacaioos}en≤sfwf,pdiotb=ttmahlpdhhaaniaieessciclrdimsihertresaoitaociu{r-aglvnednesvreileiosienoq}dcvruascditerd=atroerenaeoelmssunonrioiunmietzidnncneesaaaosgiqaanronnadonucflnyθif,edeArditar-hpui∗enearsedni(d(ooegSsuetprdeeiPngicmegneRaoiriebvinnt)[cif,n7elieruec,cvopsrtPatbhntlorbihliroaikauriodetnoeleopfirmoaoasccopocaargeosatrttdoiifAadarvtintllAicei.iyyotaciri.ssTnnleliiiTenhesssfsh8,,,a.ge.se7iohns]r)isAdo. tne,ar.AniInd∗fgatihsr{desθ.eoiSl nanoelectronics and sensing. The antimicrobial activity of bacterial AgNPs can offer a unique option to reduce the Lahore-54590, *Corresponding oAfuathnotirb: iKoatizcurmesaissataNnocme u[4ra].: TThokeycouMrreednictasltaunddyDdeenatlasl
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