Abstract
Non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with complex etiopathology, rich symptomatology, and a variety of clinical courses, therefore requiring different therapeutic approaches. The hypothesis that an infectious agent may initiate chronic inflammation and facilitate B lymphocyte transformation and lymphogenesis has been raised in recent years. Viruses, like EBV, HTLV-1, HIV, HCV and parasites, like Plasmodium falciparum, have been linked to the development of lymphomas. The association of chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, Borrelia burgdorferi with cutaneous MALT lymphoma and Chlamydophila psittaci with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma is well documented. Recent studies have indicated that other infectious agents may also be relevant in B-cell lymphogenesis such as Coxiella burnettii, Campylobacter jejuni, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Escherichia coli. The aim of the present review is to provide a summary of the current literature on infectious bacterial agents associated with B-cell NHL and to discuss its role in lymphogenesis, taking into account the interaction between infectious agents, host factors, and the tumor environment.
Highlights
The aim of the present review is to provide a summary of the current literature on infectious bacterial agents associated with B-cell Non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas (NHL) and to discuss its role in lymphogenesis, taking into account the interaction between infectious agents, host factors, and the tumor environment
The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on infectious bacterial agents associated with NHL, and to discuss their role in lymphogenesis taking into account the interaction between infectious agents and host factors, tumor environment and genetic factors
Pylori eradication in patients with H. pylori-induced gastric mucosa-associated lymphoma tissue (MALT) lymphoma [47]. These findings suggest that host factors and their alterations may be crucial for the pathogenesis of MALT lymphomas
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas (NHL) are the most common hematological malignancies worldwide and the fifth most common cancer. It is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms, including latent types such as marginal-zone lymphomas (MZL), follicular lymphomas, and aggressive diseases such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The role of infectious agents in the development of NHL has been studied for many years. Infectious agents can interact in complex ways with all these factors to promote tumor development and progression [15]. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on infectious bacterial agents associated with NHL, and to discuss their role in lymphogenesis taking into account the interaction between infectious agents and host factors, tumor environment and genetic factors
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