Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances for Degradation of Textile Dyes

Abstract

AbstractThe eminence of water has been worsening as a result of anthropogenic actions, unplanned urbanization, rapid industrialization, population growth, and amateurish utilization of natural water bodies. The wastewater produced during the dyeing and finishing process is characterized by strong color, high chemical oxygen demand, high temperature, high pH, and low biodegradability. The removal of these dyes from effluents by chemical and physical methods has been described by many researchers. At present, the practice of natural and amended polymers for the confiscation of dyes from effluent is becoming effective and common. Because of their great efficiency, biodegradability, lack of secondary pollution, and lack of toxicity, biopolymeric substances (BPS) are considered promising alternative to predictable chemical polymers. Two types of BPS, i.e., intracellular and extracellular polymeric substances. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are a high-molecular-weight combination of polymers released by microorganisms that adhere to the cell surface and divide into firmly bound and loosely bound EPS, allowing them to bind to the cell surface. EPS efficiently adsorbed to textile dye contaminants in wastewater. Microbial aggregation produced by EPS plays very important part in biofilm formation, contaminant settling, and the biodegradation of textile dyes. The functional groups present in EPS, such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, and amines, can bind to active sites in the textile dyes via biosorption. As a result, it’s thought that EPS in sludge can be used to remove dye from wastewater via biosorption. However, because EPS are so complicated, our understanding of them is far from comprehensive, and much more research is needed to completely comprehend their specific functions in the biological therapy process.KeywordsBiopolymeric substancesExtracellular polymeric substancesIntracellular polymeric substancesChemical oxygen demandBiodegradabilityBiosorptionAdsorption