Bacterial etiology of ocular and periocular infections, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and associated factors among patients attending eye unit of Shashemene comprehensive specialized hospital, Shashemene, Ethiopia

Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe,Musa Mohammed Ali,Ahmed Adem Mohammed

doi:10.1186/s12886-020-01398-w

Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe, Musa Mohammed Ali + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01398-w

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Abstract

BackgroundEye infection is a public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. Bacteria are major causative agents of eye infections that can lead to loss of vision. The objective of this study was to determine bacterial etiology of ocular and periocular infections, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and associated factors among patients who visited the eye unit of Shashamane Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (SCSH).MethodA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at SCSH from September 1, 2018, to March 30, 2019. Specimens from the ocular and periocular areas were collected from a total of 332 patients who visited the eye unit. Specimens were inoculated on blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and mannitol salt agar. Isolated bacteria were identified by a series of biochemical tests using the standard bacteriological method. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute by disk diffusion method. Factors that could be associated with ocular and periocular infection were collected by using structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0 software package. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultOut of the total 332 study participants with ocular and periocular infections, 198(60%) were culture positive. The proportion of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were 135(68.2%) and 63(31.8%) respectively. Among Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus were predominant. Among Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli were predominant. Most S. aureus were resistant to penicillin.ConclusionMajority of ocular and periocular infections in this study were caused by bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria were responsible for most cases.

Highlights

IntroductionBacteria are major causative agents of eye infections that can lead to loss of vision
Eye infection is a public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia
Clinical data Among 332 study participants assessed, the proportions of clinical finding were as follows: conjunctivitis 109 (32.8%), dacryocystitis 76 (22.9%), blepharitis 60 (18.1%), trauma 48 (14.5%), and blephero-conjunctivitis 39 (11.8%). 91 (83.5%) of conjunctivitis, 10 (20.8%) of trauma, 35 (46.1%) of dacryocystitis was caused by bacteria (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

Bacteria are major causative agents of eye infections that can lead to loss of vision. The eye can be infected, it is remarkably resistant to colonization and infection by microbes. There is disparity in the type of bacteria that colonize the eye and other parts of the body. The eye is remarkably resistant to colonization and infection by microbes, it is prone to infection because the lens and vitreous are avascular and protein-rich structures; ideal media for the proliferation of many pathogenic bacteria. Microorganisms can invade and damage the internal parts of the eye, which often results in loss of vision [2, 3]. The clinical signs and symptoms of inflammation of the eyes along with pus are frequently caused by bacteria. The microbial etiology and drug susceptibility, as well as resistance profile may differ with geographic location [3]

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