Bacterial diversity in rice-field water in Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Bacteria are the most diverse living beings on earth and only a fraction of them have been identified. This paper aims at the analysis of the diversity of mesophilic and heterotrophic bacteria found in samples of irrigation water from rice-fields areas in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Sample collection was carried out in five rice crop regions areas and followed by isolation, multiplication and bacterial characterization. The species' identification was based on biochemical tests (API-System, bioMerieux). Bacterial diversity was determined by the Shannon & Weaner and Pielou index. The results regarding bacterial diversity revealed 26 species. The most abundant representatives belonged to the Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus genera, homogeneously distributed in all studied rice crop areas, and in those areas corresponding to the irrigation channel and the rice growing plot as well. The water of the irrigation channel showed the greatest diversity (H'= 1.00) when compared to the plot (H'= 0.77). The channel also presented a more even species distribution (e = 0.73), while the plot (e = 0.59) had the greatest prevalence represented by the Bacillus genus. The areas and the cultivation phases did not significantly affect the bacterial diversity in the study areas (F4,12=1.04; P>0.05). The results showed that culture management could affect water bacterial populations.