Abstract
BackgroundMicrobiota of Anopheles midgut can modulate vector immunity and block Plasmodium development. Investigation on the bacterial biodiversity in Anopheles, and specifically on the identification of bacteria that might be used in malaria transmission blocking approaches, has been mainly conducted on malaria vectors of Africa. Vietnam is an endemic country for both malaria and Bancroftian filariasis whose parasitic agents can be transmitted by the same Anopheles species. No information on the microbiota of Anopheles mosquitoes in Vietnam was available previous to this study.MethodThe culture dependent approach, using different mediums, and culture independent (16S rRNA PCR – TTGE) method were used to investigate the bacterial biodiversity in the abdomen of 5 Anopheles species collected from Dak Nong Province, central-south Vietnam. Molecular methods, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were used to characterize the microbiota.Results and DiscussionThe microbiota in wild-caught Anopheles was diverse with the presence of 47 bacterial OTUs belonging to 30 genera, including bacterial genera impacting Plasmodium development. The bacteria were affiliated with 4 phyla, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the latter being the dominant phylum. Four bacterial genera are newly described in Anopheles mosquitoes including Coxiella, Yersinia, Xanthomonas, and Knoellia. The bacterial diversity per specimen was low ranging from 1 to 4. The results show the importance of pairing culture and fingerprint methods to better screen the bacterial community in Anopheles mosquitoes.ConclusionSampled Anopheles species from central-south Vietnam contained a diverse bacterial microbiota that needs to be investigated further in order to develop new malaria control approaches. The combination of both culture and DNA fingerprint methods allowed a thorough and complementary screening of the bacterial community in Anopheles mosquitoes.
Highlights
Anopheles mosquitoes can be vectors of human pathogens responsible of infectious diseases such as malaria and lymphatic filariasis, which represent a great public health challenge in many tropical countries
The microbiota in wild-caught Anopheles was diverse with the presence of 47 bacterial OTUs belonging to 30 genera, including bacterial genera impacting Plasmodium development
The bacteria were affiliated with 4 phyla, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the latter being the dominant phylum
Summary
Anopheles mosquitoes can be vectors of human pathogens responsible of infectious diseases such as malaria and lymphatic filariasis, which represent a great public health challenge in many tropical countries. Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for the majority of recorded malaria (63%) in Vietnam, followed by P. vivax (37%) may share the same Anopheles vector species with Wuchereria bancrofti, the nematode responsible for Bancroftian lymphatic filariasis (BLF), for which only limited information is available [2]. Many of these Anopheles vectors belong to sibling species complexes or taxonomic groups of closely related species with different degrees of involvement in the transmission of parasites. No information on the microbiota of Anopheles mosquitoes in Vietnam was available previous to this study
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