Abstract
Recent decades have noticed that the wastewater loaded with dyes is one of the most challenging to treat. There has been comprehensive research on azo dye biodegradation with the help of microorganisms. It is evolving as a promising substitute to the conventional treatment with physico-chemical methods. In this chapter, the use of various bacterial cultures, either in pure or mixed form, for their capability to decolourize dye wastewaters was described. Apart from microorganisms involved, this chapter focuses on various mechanisms involved in the dye biodegradation along with the impact of several factors influencing biodegradation of dye wastewater and the role of oxidoreductases involved in bacterial dye biodegradation. The various analytical techniques used for deducing the metabolic pathway for dye remediation and ensuring its detoxification through toxicity tests are described. The chapter also highlights the huge gap between the scientific progresses in this field and lack of commercialization of research. The information gathered here will be useful for the students, teacher, industrial persons and researchers to understand the state of the art of the subject and use it for removal of dye pollution by possible green technology for the sustainable environment.
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