Abstract

Septic shock develops when specific microbial components gain access to the circulation and are recognized by the immune system, generating exaggerated mediator and cytokine production. The main microbial components responsible for this recognition are lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Gram-negative bacteria, or peptidoglycan and teichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria. Microbial compounds display molecular pattern recognition receptors (PRR) — such as LPS receptors (Toll-like receptor [TLR]4 and CD 14) which are expressed constitutively on innate immune system cells (macrophages and dendritics cells) [1].

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