Abstract
Microbial activity and structure of the bacterial community of activated sludge reactors, which treated industrial wastewater, were studied. Microbial communities, including ammonia oxidation bacteria, eubacteria, actinomycetic communities were studied in two different systems of the polymerase chain electrophoresis gradient denaturing gel reaction using amplified gene fragments 16S rRNA of bacteria. Both systems, which used an anoxic-aerobic process and anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process, respectively, received the same industrial waste water, operating under the same conditions and showed the similar processing performance. Oxidizing bacterial communities of ammonia from two systems showed almost identical structures corresponding to ammonia removal like, while the bacterial community actinomycetic showed obvious differences. The anoxic-aerobic-anaerobic system showed eubacterial richer communities actinomycetic the anoxic-aerobic system. FISH results showed that the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial cells in the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic system are increased by 3.8 ± 0.2% of the total bacterial population while those in the anoxic-aerobic system represented 1.7 ± 0.2%. Thus, the existence of an anaerobic-anoxic environment in the anaerobic-aerobic system has resulted in a marked increase in biodiversity. You can submit your Manuscripts at: https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/submitManuscript.php
Highlights
The growths of the world population, the development of various industries, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides in modern agriculture have overloaded the water resources and the atmosphere and the soil with pollutants [1]
Culture based techniques were found to be too selective to give a comprehensive and authentic picture of the entire microbial community as it has been estimated that the majority of bacteria in nature cannot be cultivated by using traditional techniques [4]
In spite of its attractiveness, many molecular studies applied to soil and water have indicated that the choice of processing method and the design of extraction protocols may affect the degree of lysis of the microorganisms present in the sample [17], the integrity and size of DNA obtained [18] and the extent of co-extraction of both organic and inorganic impurities which may interfere with PCR amplification [19,20,21,22,23,24,25]
Summary
The growths of the world population, the development of various industries, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides in modern agriculture have overloaded the water resources and the atmosphere and the soil with pollutants [1]. In spite of its attractiveness, many molecular studies applied to soil and water have indicated that the choice of processing method and the design of extraction protocols may affect the degree of lysis of the microorganisms present in the sample (and the recovery of their template DNAs) [17], the integrity and size of DNA obtained [18] and the extent of co-extraction of both organic and inorganic impurities which may interfere with PCR amplification [19,20,21,22,23,24,25] These factors may affect the usefulness and applicability of the DNA for further molecular analysis [20] and drastically effect the recovery of molecular diversity, leading to mistakes in the interpretation of the true diversity and taxa present [21, 22], 16S-restriction fragment length polymorphism [26], repetitive extragenic palindrome polymerase chain reaction [27] and fluorescent in situ hybridization [27] have already been applied to the study of waste water-associated microbial communities. The combination of PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis has provided a useful means to directly characterize bacterial populations
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