Abstract
Naturally fermented milk (NFM) products are popular ethnic fermented foods in Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim states of India. The present study is the first to have documented the bacterial community in 54 samples of NFM products viz. chhurpi, churkam, dahi and gheu/mar by high-throughput Illumina amplicon sequencing. Metagenomic investigation showed that Firmicutes (Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae) and Proteobacteria (Acetobacteraceae) were the two predominant members of the bacterial communities in these products. Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus helveticus were the predominant lactic acid bacteria while Acetobacter spp. and Gluconobacter spp. were the predominant acetic acid bacteria present in these products.
Highlights
High altitude-naturally fermented milk products of cow (Bos taurus) or yak (Bos grunniens)-milk prepared by back-sloping are common in the Himalayan states of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim in India which include chhurpi, churkam, dahi and gheu/mar (Fig. 1a–f) as a protein-rich food supplement and as a source of livelihood[5]
The overall bacterial diversity of these Naturally fermented milk (NFM) products were predominated by species belonging to the lactic acid bacteria: Lactococcus lactis (19.7%) and Lactobacillus helveticus (9.6%) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (4.5%) (Fig. 2b,c)
Species belonging to the acetic acid bacteria: Acetobacter lovaniensis (5.8%), Acetobacter pasteurianus (5.7%), Gluconobacter oxydans (5.3%), and Acetobacter syzygii (4.8%) were observed (Fig. 2b,c)
Summary
High altitude (upto 4878 m)-naturally fermented milk products of cow (Bos taurus) or yak (Bos grunniens)-milk prepared by back-sloping are common in the Himalayan states of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim in India which include chhurpi, churkam, dahi and gheu/mar (Fig. 1a–f) as a protein-rich food supplement and as a source of livelihood[5]. In this study we aimed to anlayse the bacterial community structure of fifty-four samples of naturally fermented milk products (chhurpi, churkam, dahi and gheu/mar) of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim by Illumina amplicon sequencing. This is the first report on bacterial community in NFM products of the Himalayas using in-depth metagenomic analysis
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