Bacterial Community Changes in Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 Surface and Rearing Water During Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection

Abstract

White faeces syndrome is one of the major disease problems in shrimp aquaculture, resulting in enormous economic losses to farmers. Although white faeces syndrome is usually associated with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infections, it may not be the sole cause for the occurrence of white faecal strings on the pond water surface. There is limited information on the microbial dynamics in a pond affected by white faeces syndrome. Hence, this study aimed at the bacterial community changes occurring on the surface of shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 afflicted by the white faeces syndrome and the pond water in which it was reared. The pond water and the shrimp surface shared >45 % of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), reflecting the influence of water quality on the bacterial community composition on the shrimp surface. Among these, the Proteobacteria formed the principal phyla and remained unaltered throughout the culture period. Bacteroidetes formed the second largest group across samples, followed by Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi. The relative abundance levels of health indicator bacterial families such as Thiotrichaceae,Microbacteriaceae and Chitinophagaceae showed significant fluctuations on the shrimp surface. Disease indicators such as Rickettsiaceae, Mycobacteriaceae showed an increase in numbers on the shrimp surface. PICRUSt functional predictions revealed higher abundances of genes involved in metabolism and genetic information processing. The study provides valuable findings on the bacterial communities of rearing water and shrimp surface associated with white faeces syndrome.