Bacterial community and decomposition rate in long term fed-batch composting using woodchip and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as bulking agents

Abstract

Long term fed-batch composting experiments were conducted for 200 days using two types of bulking agents; woodchip and PET flake, with periodic compost withdrawal through a washing process. The bacterial communities of composting materials in the two different bulking agents were also investigated by 16S rRNA gene clone analysis. The decomposition rate in both composting reactors was 86.1% and 88.2% of the total organic load, respectively. The control experiment of dead-end operation without compost withdrawal by washing process could not be maintained for more than 102 days because of its low performance. The reactor with compost withdrawal, however, improved the decomposition rate in the composting process, and could be applied in the long run. There was a significant difference in the bacterial community between the FBC reactor with woodchip and another with PET flake as the bulking agent though the decomposition rates were similar. The reactor with woodchip as the bulking agent consisted of 95% Bacillales while the PET flake reactor contained 54% of total bacteria count. In addition, Lactobacillales was dominant at 38% in the PET flake reactor and the bacterial community in general significantly differed from the woodchip reactor. Furthermore, there was a difference in the species composition in the Bacillales and the bacterial community showed a significant difference at the species level between the two reactors. Although bacterial community differed, the decomposition rates between the two reactors were similar and PET flake showed greater viability than woodchip as a bulking agent due to its high abrasion resistance and non-biodegradability.