Bacterial Cellulose-Modified Polyhydroxyalkanoates Scaffolds Promotes Bone Formation in Critical Size Calvarial Defects in Mice.

Ada Codreanu,Ciprian Valentin Mihali,Ionut-Cristian Radu,Hildegard Herman,Maria Rapa,Paul Stanescu,Bianca Galateanu,Anca Hermenean,Eugeniu Vasile,George Lupu,Coralia Cotoraci,Cornel Balta,Nicoleta Zurbau,Catalin Zaharia

doi:10.3390/ma13061433

Abstract

Bone regeneration is a claim challenge in addressing bone defects with large tissue deficits, that involves bone grafts to support the activity. In vitro biocompatibility of the bacterial cellulose-modified polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHB/BC) scaffolds and its osteogenic potential in critical-size mouse calvaria defects had been investigated. Bone promotion and mineralization were analyzed by biochemistry, histology/histomorphometry, X-ray analysis and immunofluorescence for highlighting osteogenesis markers. In summary, our results showed that PHB/BC scaffolds are able to support 3T3-L1 preadipocytes proliferation and had a positive effect on in vivo osteoblast differentiation, consequently inducing new bone formation after 20 weeks post-implantation. Thus, the newly developed PHB/BC scaffolds could turn out to be suitable biomaterials for the bone tissue engineering purpose.

Highlights

Bone regeneration is a major claim in addressing bone defects with large tissue deficits, that involves bone grafts to support the activity
Osterix is needed for the osteoblast differentiation [44,45] and regulates the expression of the main osteogenic markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runx2, osteonectin, osteopontin and osteocalcin [28,46]
OSX immunopositivity of the PHB/Bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds after 4 weeks post-implantation is an indicator of osteogenesis enhancement mediated by the presence of scaffolds reinforced with bacterial cellulose

Summary

Introduction

Bone regeneration is a major claim in addressing bone defects with large tissue deficits, that involves bone grafts to support the activity. Autologous grafts exhibit the best clinical outcome, but it is limited by the donor sites quantities and size, which may not be appropriate for repair of large bone defects [2]. Together, these findings highlight the clinical needs for development of the new bone grafting materials and the demand to build up replacement materials that can be immediately processed for larger bone defects. Gelatin, chitosan and cellulose were used in regenerative medicine because of the similar properties to the native tissue [3]

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