Abstract
To improve the efficacy and safety of dural repair in neurosurgical procedures, a new dural material derived from bacterial cellulose (BC) was evaluated in a rabbit model with dural defects. We prepared artificial dura mater using bacterial cellulose which was incubated and fermented from Acetobacter xylinum. The dural defects of the rabbit model were repaired with BC membranes. All surgeries were performed under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering. All animals were humanely euthanized by intravenous injection of phenobarbitone, at each time point, after the operation. Then, the histocompatibility and inflammatory effects of BC were examined by histological examination, real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western Blot. BC membranes evenly covered the surface of brain without adhesion. There were seldom inflammatory cells surrounding the membrane during the early postoperative period. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as iNOS and COX-2 were lower in the BC group compared to the control group at 7, 14 and 21 days after implantation. BC can repair dural defects in rabbit and has a decreased inflammatory response compared to traditional materials. However, the long-term effects need to be validated in larger animals.
Highlights
Dura mater is a tough bilayer membrane tissue situated between the brain surface and the inner side of the skull
In this study, we prepared a novel artificial dura mater made of Bacterial cellulose (BC) and investigated its histocompatibility in a rabbit model with dural defects, used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and WesternBlot to analyze its anti-inflammatory effects
No cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, abscess, congestion and edema were observed on the surface of the brain (Figure 1A)
Summary
Dura mater is a tough bilayer membrane tissue situated between the brain surface and the inner side of the skull. The expression of iNOS and COX-2 is markedly induced by a number of stimuli, including cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, during the inflammatory response [12,13,14]. Many new materials have been used as a dural substitute, such as silk fibroin [15], human amniotic membrane [16], gelatin glue [17] and so on. BC has potential to be used as a new type of artificial dura mater material due to its high strength in hygroscopic state, its good biocompatibility, as well as its relatively simple and cost-efficient production [18,19]. In this study, we prepared a novel artificial dura mater made of BC and investigated its histocompatibility in a rabbit model with dural defects, used real-time PCR and WesternBlot to analyze its anti-inflammatory effects
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