Bacterial cellulose membrane SERS substrate for in-situ reduction of gold nanoparticles for detecting TNF-α

Abstract

In this study, we developed a two-dimensional bacterial cellulose nanogold substrate via in situ reduction and utilized a sandwich model with 4-MBN as a Raman reporter for sensitive detection of TNF-α. TNF-α, a critical cytokine in various diseases, was detected in a broad range (10−8 to 10−4 mg/mL) with a remarkable detection limit of 0.35 pg/mL. The assay exhibited excellent specificity, with a 98 % recovery rate for serum samples at 5 × 10−7 mg/mL. This method shows promise for precise TNF-α determination in complex samples, suggesting its potential for diagnostic and research applications.