Bacterial Cellulose (BC) and BC Composites: Production and Properties.

Evgeniy G Kiselev,Andrey P Kuzmin,Alexander D Vasiliev,Tatiana G Volova,Ivan V Nemtsev,Svetlana V Prudnikova,Ekaterina I Shishatskaya

doi:10.3390/nano12020192

Evgeniy G Kiselev, Andrey P Kuzmin + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12020192

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Abstract

The synthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC) by Komagataeibacter xylinus strain B-12068 was investigated on various C-substrates, under submerged conditions with stirring and in static surface cultures. We implemented the synthesis of BC on glycerol, glucose, beet molasses, sprat oil, and a mixture of glucose with sunflower oil. The most productive process was obtained during the production of inoculum in submerged culture and subsequent growth of large BC films (up to 0.2 m2 and more) in a static surface culture. The highest productivity of the BC synthesis process was obtained with the growth of bacteria on molasses and glycerol, 1.20 and 1.45 g/L per day, respectively. We obtained BC composites with silver nanoparticles (BC/AgNPs) and antibacterial drugs (chlorhexidine, baneocin, cefotaxime, and doripenem), and investigated the structure, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of composites. The disc-diffusion method showed pronounced antibacterial activity of BC composites against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923.

Highlights

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, being the main structural component of the plant cell wall [1]
Physiological and biochemical characteristics of producer strains determine the choice of carbon substrate for bacterial cellulose (BC) biosynthesis, among which hexoses, pentoses, ethanol, organic acids, and glycerol, are described [60,61,62,63]
The BC yield and its structure depend on the specifics of the producer and the cultivation modes [30,62,64,65,66]

Summary

Introduction

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, being the main structural component of the plant cell wall [1]. A significant source of cellulose is microbiological synthesis using algae, fungi [3], and bacteria of various taxa, -Agrobacterium, Sarcina, Rhizobium, and Gluconacetobacter (formerly Acetobacter) [4,5,6]. The species Gluconacetobacter xylinus, currently classified as Komagataeibacter medellinensis, is the most actively studied producer of bacterial cellulose due to the highest production characteristics and the ability to use a variety of compounds as a carbon source [7,8]. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is in demand for various purposes due to its advantages over plant cellulose: high purity; absence of impurities (hemicellulose, lignin, etc.); the possibility of synthesis from various substrates, including C-containing industrial waste; high rates of growth and productivity of producer strains [9]. BC exerts high water holding capacity and unique mechanical properties precisely because of the nanofibrillar 3D structure of BC-film, consisting of randomly oriented nanofibers [10,11]

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