Abstract
Currently, there are several therapeutic approaches available for wound injury management. However, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of how biomaterials affect cell behavior is needed to develop potential repair strategies. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a bacteria-produced biopolymer with several advantageous qualities for skin tissue engineering. The aim here was to investigate BC-based scaffold on epithelial regeneration and wound healing by examining its effects on the expression of scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) and underlying macrophage behavior. Full-thickness skin wounds were generated on Sprague-Dawley rats and the healing of these wounds, with and without BC scaffolds, was examined over 14 days using Masson’s trichome staining. BC scaffolds displayed excellent in vitro biocompatibility, maintained the stemness function of cells and promoted keratinocyte differentiation of cells, which are vital in maintaining and restoring the injured epidermis. BC scaffolds also exhibited positive in vivo effects on the wound microenvironment, including improved skin extracellular matrix deposition and controlled excessive inflammation by reduction of SR-A expression. Furthermore, BC scaffold significantly enhanced epithelialization by stimulating the balance of M1/M2 macrophage re-programming for beneficial tissue repair relative to that of collagen material. These findings suggest that BC-based materials are promising products for skin injury repair.
Highlights
IntroductionBiomaterials and tissue engineering have received a lot of attention with the focus on developing appropriate treatments for destructive skin injuries [1,2]
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that the surface of the bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffold was smooth, comprised of ultrafine BC fibrils with a pore diameter of ~0.2 μm, supporting substance interchange and cell adhesion (Figure 1a)
The results suggest that a scaffold plays a positive role in in thethe for skin tissue repair
Summary
Biomaterials and tissue engineering have received a lot of attention with the focus on developing appropriate treatments for destructive skin injuries [1,2]. These strategies have been demonstrated to improve skin wound repair by reducing dehydration and infection, supporting vascularization and attracting matrix components, as well as sending cues to cells present in the local wound site [3,4,5,6]. Biomaterials exhibit high biocompatibility, excellent permeability and non-toxicity, as well as tunable physical, morphological and mechanical properties. With these useful properties, functionalized biomaterials can promote wound healing by modulating
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