Abstract
Bacterial blood stream infections (BSIs) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Prevailing data on bacterial species causing BSI and their antibiogram are essential for proper management of patients. A retrospective study was conducted on blood culture results that had been processed from March 2013 to January 2015 at Bahir Dar Regional Health Research Laboratory Center. In January 2015, data on age, sex of patients and bacterial isolates with antibiogram were extracted from registration log book. Blood stream causing bacteria were identified according to standard operational procedure for blood culture. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed according to Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods. A total of 561 blood specimens were requested for blood culture. Of these, 220 (39.2%, 95% CI: 35.3-43.4%) blood cultures had aerobic bacterial growth. Gram negative bacterial isolates constituted 115 (52.3%) of the isolated bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus 50 (22.7%), coagulase negative staphylococci 35(15.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 35 (15.9%), Escherichia coli 19 (8.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 (6.8%) and Acinetobacter species 13(5.9%) were the most dominant isolates. Overall, drug resistance for gram positive bacteria were 7 to 61% and for gram negatives 6.9 to 82.6%. Among the gram positive bacteria, high resistance levels were observed against penicillin (61%) and oxacillin (52.9%). The gram negative bacterial isolates showed 66 to 82.6% resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The present study revealed that bacterial blood stream infections linked with high levels of drug resistance would pose a challenge in treatment of patients with BSIs. Hence, blood culture with antibiotic susceptibility tests could play key role for appropriate treatment of patients with bacterial blood stream infection. Key words : Blood culture, Bloodstream infection, antibiogram, Ethiopia
Highlights
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause self-limiting infections to life threatening sepsis and account for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide
A retrospective study was conducted on blood culture results that had been processed from March 2013 to January 2015 at the Bahir Dar Regional Health Research Laboratory Center
In January 2015, data on age, sex of patients and bacterial isolates with their antibiogram were extracted from laboratory registration records of using a standard data extraction sheet
Summary
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause self-limiting infections to life threatening sepsis and account for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Blood stream infection accounts for 10-20% of all nosocomial infections and is the eighth leading cause of mortality (James et al, 2002). In subSaharan countries including Ethiopia BSI is an important cause of illness and death in children, the mortality rate approaches 53% which makes it a significant health problem in developing countries (Mehdinejad et al, 2009). Individuals with bacteremia may develop septicemia, a life-threatening condition in which multiplying bacteria release toxin in to the blood stream and trigger the release of cytokines, causing fever, chills, malaise and lethargy, with difficulty in breathing especially in children (Shahla et al, 2009; Ehwarieme et al, 2011)
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