Abstract
The biological nature, ultrastructure, distribution, and mode of transmission between generations of the microorganisms associated with three species (Orthezia urticae, Matsucoccus pini, Steingelia gorodetskia) of primitive families (archaeococcoids = Orthezioidea) of scale insects were investigated by means of microscopic and molecular methods. In all the specimens of Orthezia urticae and Matsucoccus pini examined, bacteria Wolbachia were identified. In some examined specimens of O. urticae, apart from Wolbachia, bacteria Sodalis were detected. In Steingelia gorodetskia, the bacteria of the genus Sphingomonas were found. In contrast to most plant sap-sucking hemipterans, the bacterial associates of O. urticae, M. pini, and S. gorodetskia are not harbored in specialized bacteriocytes, but are dispersed in the cells of different organs. Ultrastructural observations have shown that bacteria Wolbachia in O. urticae and M. pini, Sodalis in O. urticae, and Sphingomonas in S. gorodetskia are transovarially transmitted from mother to progeny.
Highlights
Scale insects constitute the infraorder Coccomorpha within the hemipteran suborder Sternorrhyncha (Williams and Hodgson 2014)
We have investigated symbiotic systems of three species of archaeococcoids (= Orthezioidea): Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus, 1758), Matsucoccus pini (Green, 1925), and Steingelia gorodetskia Nasonov, 1908
The comparison of ultrastructural and molecular results indicates that the smaller microorganisms represent bacteria Wolbachia, whereas the larger ones belong to the genus Sodalis
Summary
Scale insects (coccoids) constitute the infraorder Coccomorpha within the hemipteran suborder Sternorrhyncha (Williams and Hodgson 2014). Scale insects are usually divided into two groups: Orthezioidea Amyot et Serville, 1843 and Coccoidea Fallen, 1814 which are considered as superfamilies (Koteja 1974; Danzig 1980; Williams and Watson 1990; Morales 1991; Kosztarab 1996; Ben-Dov 2005; Gavrilov-Zimin 2018). Other researchers treat these groups as informal archaeococcoids and neococcoids (Cook et al 2002; Foldi 2005; Hodgson and Foldi 2006; Hardy et al 2008; Kaydan and Kozár 2010; Williams et al 2011; Hodgson 2012, 2014; Hodgson and Hardy 2013). We have investigated symbiotic systems of three species of archaeococcoids (= Orthezioidea): Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus, 1758), Matsucoccus pini (Green, 1925), and Steingelia gorodetskia Nasonov, 1908
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