Abstract
Bacterial antagonism mediated by ribosomally synthesised peptides has gained considerable attention in recent years because of its potential applications in the control of undesirable microbiota. These peptides, generally referred to as bacteriocins, are defined as a heterogeneous group of ribosomally synthesised, proteinaceous substances (with or without further modifications) extracellularly secreted by many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Their mode of activity is primarily bactericidal and directed against closely related strains and species. These peptides are nearly all cationic and very often amphyphilic, which is reflected in the fact that many of these peptides kill their target cells by accumulation in the membrane causing increasing permeability and loss of barrier functions . Bacteriocins have been explored primarily as natural food preservatives, but there is much interest in exploring the application of these therapeutic peptides as antimicrobial agents since many of them exhibit antimicrobial activity against various important human pathogens.The suitability of bacteriocins such as pharmaceuticals is explored through measures of cytotoxicity, effects on the natural microbiota, and in vivo efficacy in mouse models. Bacteriocins are promising therapeutic agents.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria is a pivotal health concern worldwide in Human, as well as Veterinary Medicine
Most bacteriocins are active at lower concentrations, and their degradation products are metabolized by the body whith probably, lesser side effects compared with conventional antibiotics
Perhaps most promising is their activity against the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, the deadliest bacterial source of food poisoning
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria is a pivotal health concern worldwide in Human, as well as Veterinary Medicine. The bacteria acquire the ability to resist the action of antibiotics through several mechanisms such as genetic variability, the modification of the permeability of the inner membrane, extraction of the compound and enzyme inhibition, as well as modification of the target ribosomal or altering the composition and content of glycoproteins of the bacterial wall [1]. This resistance is transferred between organisms of the same genus (horizontal transmission) and between organisms of different genus (vertical transmission). These bacteria into the gastrointestinal tract may transfer their resistance genes to the intestinal microbiota being the consequence the follow resistance sequence transfer animal-animal, animal- human, human-human [2]
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