Abstract
During composting, the composition of microbial communities is subject to constant change owing to interactions with fluctuating physicochemical parameters. This study explored the changes in bacterial and fungal communities during cattle farm waste composting and aimed to identify and prioritize the contributing physicochemical factors. Microbial community compositions were determined by high‐throughput sequencing. While the predominant phyla in the bacterial and fungal communities were largely consistent during the composting, differences in relative abundances were observed. Bacterial and fungal community diversity and relative abundance varied significantly, and inversely, over time. Relationships between physicochemical factors and microbial community compositions were evaluated by redundancy analysis. The variation in bacterial community composition was significantly related to water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and pile temperature and moisture (p < .05), while the largest portions of variation in fungal community composition were explained by pile temperature, WSOC, and C/N (p < .05). These findings indicated that those parameters are the most likely ones to influence, or be influenced by the bacterial and fungal communities. Variation partitioning analyses indicated that WSOC and pile temperature had predominant effects on bacterial and fungal community composition, respectively. Our findings will be useful for improving the quality of cattle farm waste composts.
Highlights
Composting technology, as an economical and effective treatment and resource utilization technology of organic solid waste, is one of the most important agriculture-related research topics
The predominant phyla in the bacterial and fungal communities were largely consistent during the composting
Individual and collective contributions of factors determined by redundancy analysis (RDA) to significantly contribute to bacterial and fungal community changes were analyzed by variation partitioning
Summary
Composting technology, as an economical and effective treatment and resource utilization technology of organic solid waste, is one of the most important agriculture-related research topics. Multiple studies have analyzed the changes in the microbial community during the composting cycle, these studies mainly employed phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling (Cahyani, Watanabe, Matsuya, Asakawa, & Kimura, 2002; Herrmann & Shann, 1997), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) (Cahyani et al, 2003; Yamamoto et al, 2011), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) (Székely et al, 2009; Tiquia, 2005), and clone libraries (Li et al, 2013; Vivas, Moreno, Garcia-Rodriguez, & Benitez, 2009) Together, these techniques offer complementary approaches to directly or indirectly research microbial communities, they have a common drawback in that they detect only a small fraction of the microorganisms, limiting a comprehensive understanding of these communities (Li et al, 2013; McCaig, Glover, & Prosser, 2001; Nacke et al, 2011). To provide new insights for a better management of cattle manure composting, this study aimed to (1) investigate the bacterial and fungal community structures and compositions by high-t hroughput sequencing of the 16S and 18S rRNA genes, and (2) analyze the effects of environmental factors as well as of key physicochemical factors on bacterial and fungal community changes during composting of cattle manure with edible residual of silage
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