Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and understand bacterial adhesion to different dental material surfaces like amalgam, Chromasit, an Co-Cr alloy, an IPS InLine ceramic, yttrium stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia (TPZ), a resin-based composite, an Au-Pt alloy, and a tooth. For all materials, the surface roughness was assessed by profilometry, the surface hydrophobicity was determined by tensiometry, and the zeta potential was measured by electrokinetic phenomena. The arithmetic average roughness was the lowest for the TPZ ceramic (Ra = 0.23 µm ± 0.02 µm), while the highest value was observed for the Au-Pt alloy (Ra = 0.356 µm ± 0.075 µm). The hydrophobicity was the lowest on the TPZ ceramic and the highest on the Co-Cr alloy. All measured streaming potentials were negative. The most important cause of tooth caries is the bacterium Streptococcus mutans, which was chosen for this study. The bacterial adhesion to all material surfaces was determined by scanning electron microscopy. We showed that the lowest bacterial extent was on the amalgam, whereas the greatest extent was on tooth surfaces. In general, measurements showed that surface properties like roughness, hydrophobicity and charge have a significant influence on bacterial adhesion extent. Therefore, dental material development should focus on improving surface characteristics to reduce the risk of secondary caries.
Highlights
In the last few decades, significant development in dental materials has been observed
The roughness of the tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia (TPZ) ceramic (Ra = 0.23 μm ± 0.02 μm) wasforthe lowest, whereas the highest roughness was observed on the Au-Pt alloy surface was the lowest, whereas the highest roughness was observed on the Au-Pt alloy surface (Ra = 0.356 μm ± 0.075 μm)
We examined the influence of dental surface characteristics on the adhesion of S. mutans
Summary
In the last few decades, significant development in dental materials has been observed. In restorative dentistry, established treatment methods have been replaced by advanced methods and techniques [1]. Before new restorative materials are to be clinically implemented, the possible negative impact on human health needs to be clarified [2]. The drawback of the restoration dentistry is a high incidence of secondary caries [3], which is related to restorative materials and bacterial adhesion. A good understanding of bacterial adhesion on dental restorative materials in the oral cavity can be helpful when assessing the etiology of caries [4]. The bacterial fermentation of sugars in food causes tooth demineralization through acid releases [5]. Restorative materials are used to replace lost structures [6]
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