Abstract
Aneo-Latinised version (neuter plural; singular, bacterium) of the Greek bakterion, bacteria owes its current usage mainly to the German botanist Ferdinand Cohn (1828–98). In 1853, he categorised it as one of three types of microorganisms: bacteria (short rods), bacilli (longer rods), and spirilla (spiral forms). Like a number of words in modern medicine, it has a shorter history than the concept from which it originates. Although the word itself and the specific concept it defines developed only with the rise of bacteriology during the late 19th century, it was preceded in the 17th century by the microscopic “animalcules” described by Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723).
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