Bacteria repelling poly(methylmethacrylate-co-dimethylacrylamide) coatings for biomedical devices†Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Polymer microarray screening, including analysis of bacterial adhesion by fluorescence microscopy and SEM, and chemical composition of bacteria repelling polymers identified in the screen; polymer synthesis and characterisation; preparation of catheter pieces and solvent studies, and details for confocal imaging/analysis. See DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01129eClick here for additional data file.

Seshasailam Venkateswaran,Mark Bradley,Peter J Gwynne,Ailsa Hardman,Garry Blakely,Maurice P Gallagher,Mei Wu,David G Swann,Annamaria Lilienkampf,Salvatore Pernagallo

doi:10.1039/c4tb01129e

Seshasailam Venkateswaran, Mark Bradley + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1039/c4tb01129e

Copy DOI

Abstract

Nosocomial infections due to bacteria have serious implications on the health and recovery of patients in a variety of medical scenarios. Since bacterial contamination on medical devices contributes to the majority of nosocomical infections, there is a need for redesigning the surfaces of medical devices, such as catheters and tracheal tubes, to resist the binding of bacteria. In this work, polyurethanes and polyacrylates/acrylamides, which resist binding by the major bacterial pathogens underpinning implant-associated infections, were identified using high-throughput polymer microarrays. Subsequently, two 'hit' polymers, PA13 (poly(methylmethacrylate-co-dimethylacrylamide)) and PA515 (poly(methoxyethylmethacrylate-co-diethylaminoethylacrylate-co-methylmethacrylate)), were used to coat catheters and substantially shown to decrease binding of a variety of bacteria (including isolates from infected endotracheal tubes and heart valves from intensive care unit patients). Catheters coated with polymer PA13 showed up to 96% reduction in bacteria binding in comparison to uncoated catheters.

Highlights

Nosocomial or hospital related infections, i.e., infection acquired by a patient who was initially admitted for a reason other than infection, are widespread in patients in intensive care units and those requiring long-term catheter use
Polymer microarrays with 381 polymer members were fabricated by contact printing of preformed polymers as described previously.[22]
A 381-member polymer library was screened on polymer microarrays with bacterial strains (C. jejuni, C. difficile, C. perfringens, and S. mutans) and two clinically relevant bacteria mixtures, BacMix-1 and BacMix-2

Summary

Introduction

Nosocomial or hospital related infections, i.e., infection acquired by a patient who was initially admitted for a reason other than infection, are widespread in patients in intensive care units and those requiring long-term catheter use. Bacteria account for the majority of nosocomial infections[3] and adhesion of bacteria to a surface, such as a catheter, is an essential step in the process.[4] bacteria on a surface provide a source for reseeding infection, once established in a bio lm.[5] Initial bacterial adhesion is affected by the relative charge and hydrophobicity of the surface, and by chemical interactions between the bacteria and the surface and/or secreted components and/or components of biological uids on the surface.[6,7,8] Attachment is followed by production of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins by the bacteria, as the bio lm establishes.[7] The bio lm provides a physical barrier against both the host immune system and antimicrobial therapy, and bacteria within bio lms can have >1000-fold higher resistance to some antibiotics as compared to planktonic bacteria.[9] As bio lms are involved in the majority of microbial infections, including chronic infections, prevention of bio lm formation is important in a clinical setting.[10]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion