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Abstract
Bacteria isolated from bioaerosols emitted by a clarifier in a wastewater treatment plant (Dobre Miasto, Kosyń, Poland) were analyzed. A total of 27 morphologically different bacterial colonies were isolated, and 14 strains antagonistic towards Fusarium culmorum in vitro were selected for analysis. Most of the analyzed bacteria did not increase the germination capacity or the height of wheat seedlings. The only exception was strain PSDM20 which was characterized by multiple plant growth–promoting properties, but also by the lowest metabolic activity and lowest substrate assimilation. Strain PSDM16 deteriorated the status of wheat seedlings. Bacterial strains PSDM3, PSDM6, PSDM10, PSDM13, PSDM14, PSDM17, and PSDM20 prevented the deterioration of the biometric parameters of wheat seedlings exposed to F. culmorum and F. graminearum. Strains PSDM3, PSDM6, PSDM10, and PSDM17 most effectively protected wheat seedlings against infections caused by the above pathogens. Strain PSDM6 produced indole acetic acid (IAA), and it significantly contributed to plant elongation. Correlations were not observed between the growth-promoting properties, metabolic activity, and fungistatic properties of the evaluated bacteria. Pseudomonas putida PSDM3, Proteus penneri PSDM6, Enterobacter hormaechei PSDM10, and Advenella sp. PSDM17 were most effective in limiting the spread of Fusarium spp. infections in spring wheat, and they can be used as biological fungicides. The results of this study indicate that bacteria isolated from non-agricultural ecosystems are capable of protecting and fertilizing crops. The growth-promoting properties of bacterial strains of the genus Proteus are comparable with those of the widely investigated Pseudomonas spp. strains.
Highlights
Continuous population growth and decreasing availability of farmland necessitate intensive crop farming
Pseudomonas putida PSDM3, Proteus penneri PSDM6, Enterobacter cloacea PSDM10, Lactococcus raffinolactis PSDM12, Proteus penneri PSDM13, Staphylococcus hominis PSDM14, Advenella incernata PSDM17, Staphylococcus pasteuri PSDM20, and Proteus penneri PSDM21 improved the biometric parameters of wheat seedlings infected with F. culmorum by preventing fungal colonization, whereas Proteus penneri PSDM6, Proteus sp
The example of Pseudomonas putida PSDM3, which was not characterized by high levels of metabolic or proteolytic activity, indicates that plant infections caused by Fusarium spp. were most effectively inhibited by other mechanisms of action than those analyzed in the present study
Summary
Continuous population growth and decreasing availability of farmland necessitate intensive crop farming. Bacterial communities that enhance plant growth are known as plant growth–promoting bacteria (PGPB). They exert beneficial effects on plants by inhibiting the growth of. Plant growth–promoting bacteria exert indirect effects by eliminating pathogens and enhancing plant growth, and their effectiveness is determined by the rate at which they colonize a given niche (soil or plant). Some PGPR convert tryptophan to IAA and improve the health status of seedlings, increase root mass and the availability of soil nutrients for plants (Compant et al 2005; Cummings 2009; Yang et al 2009; Beneduzi et al 2012)
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