Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effect of bacoside-A on Parkinson's disease (PD) in a rat model, and elucidate its mechanism of action.Methods: A rat model of PD was established by administration of 5 µL of 6-hydroxydopamine in ascorbic acid (0.1 %). Measurement of serum levels of inflammatory factors was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Western blotting was used to assay Bax, cytochrome c and Bcl-2 in rat hippocampus.Results: Bacoside-A treatment significantly reduced PD-induced high turning values in rats (p < 0.05). Treatment with bacoside-A reversed PD-mediated suppression of serum activities of CAT and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In bacoside-A-treated PD rats, dose-dependent suppression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities were observed (p < 0.05). Bacoside-A-treated PD rats significantly (p < 0.018) reduced interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels. Treatment of PD rats with bacoside-A effectively reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, NF-κB p65, (COX)-2 and p53 protein, and also reversed up-regulations of Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3 and caspase-9.Conclusion: Bacoside-A exhibits a protective effect against Parkinson disease-induced oxidative damage and neuronal degeneration in rats through downregulation of iNOS, AChE, inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic proteins. Therefore, bacoside-A has potentials for use in the management of Parkinson disease.
 Keywords: Parkinson disease, Neuroprotective, Pro-apoptotic, Cytokines, Neurotoxicity
Highlights
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequently diagnosed neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease [1, 2]
The present study determined the neuroprotective effect of bacoside-A in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6hydroxydopamine, and investigated its mechanism of action
The PD-induced higher turning values were significantly suppressed by bacoside-A treatment at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg
Summary
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequently diagnosed neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease [1, 2]. The present study determined the neuroprotective effect of bacoside-A in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6hydroxydopamine, and investigated its mechanism of action. The rotational test and measurement of lesion volumes were performed to determine the severity of behavioral disorder. In this test, the rats were rotated through 360 ̊ to the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. The rat brains were excised carefully to isolate the hippocampal tissues for determination of activities of iNOS and AChE. The activity of CAT in PD rats was suppressed significantly (p < 0.049), when compared to that in the sham control group (Figure 2 A). Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05
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