Abstract
The waveguide filled with a lossless dispersionless material with negative permeability is analyzed. It is shown that such a waveguide supports the propagation of backward waves below the cut-off frequency. There is no propagation above the cut-off-frequency and the waveguide behaves as a low-pass filter; thus, it is a dual of the conventional waveguide. The theoretical analysis was verified by measurements of the scattering coefficients of a rectangular waveguide loaded with split ring resonators in the 10 GHz frequency band. As expected, the propagation band occurred below the cut-off frequency. It was observed that an increase of the frequency caused an increase of electrical length of the waveguide. Therefore, Foster's theorem is satisfied for this waveguide. It was also shown that an increase of the physical length of the waveguide causes a decrease of the electrical length. This unusual behavior is a consequence of the fact that the phase of the backward wave leads along the waveguide.
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