Abstract
Field-aligned irregularities have been observed in the F region by using a 17-MHz swept-azimuth sounder operating in the United Kingdom during the period 1964–1966. The occurrence of echo activity was less than that reported in previous studies and is attributed to the solar-cycle effect. The diurnal variation of echoes and their spatial characteristics are those expected on established models of high-latitude spread F when effects of ionospheric refraction are considered.
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