“Back to the Trees!”: Historical Ecology in Amazonia

Abstract

Because the subject of an archeological study exists only as traces, it is necessary to diversify points of view to comprehend the past. The historical ecologyHistorical ecology approach, which has been used by archeologists in Amazonia, helps us to better interpret the human and natural components of the environment. For that reason, historical ecology is at the heart of the ongoing debate about the degree to which pre-ColumbianPre-Columbian inhabitants transformed Amazonian ecosystems. Historical ecologyHistorical ecology provides a perspective of understanding that identifies a sensible historical course and explains the evolution of the landscapesLandscape involved in these past cultural developments. This chapter presents different aspects of a research study conducted in French GuianaFrench Guiana. The “Earthmovers” program is a good example of interdisciplinary research in historical ecology, during which various skills and training have been used to try to understand how coastal savannas function and the evolution of ancient agricultural structures. It has thus been possible to demonstrate the powerful impact of pre-ColumbianPre-Columbian populations on the landscape as well as the dramatic impact of nature itself on this disturbed biotope.