Abstract
This study aimed to compare the impact of two Back School Postural Education Programs on improving ergonomic knowledge of postures adopted at school and home, as well as on reducing low back pain (LPB) in adolescents. The sample was constituted by 153 students, aged 10–16 years, with 96 (62.7%) girls, divided into 2 intervention groups (GA, GB). Two tests (theoretical and practical) and LBP questionnaire were applied 1 week before and 1 year after the end of the program. In GA, three sessions were performed for each class separately, on theoretical and practical issues, lasting 45 min and at intervals of 1 week, and in GB, only one theoretical session (90 min) was given to all students. Statistically differences on GA were obtained between the values 1 week before and after 1 year of evaluation in both theoretical and practical tests (p ≤ 0.001). In GB, only the values of the practical test present a statistical difference (p ≤ 0.001). GA obtained higher values on both tests after 1 year of follow-up compared with GB (p ≤ 0.001). The number of students with LBP decreased on GA (p ≤ 0.001). The program with longer duration, higher weekly frequency, and more practical and individualized character promotes better effects.
Highlights
Theoretical test was applied by the teacher in the group B (GB) and some students did not perform The theoretical test was applied by the teacher in the GB and some students did not perform the test before the beginning of the intervention
The data of this study allow us to conclude that both types of interventions promoted improvements over an extended period (1 year) in knowledge about ergonomic habits, except for theoretical knowledge in GB
Regarding the low back pain (LBP) symptomatology, only in group A (GA) was a decrease of the number of students with the presence of LBP observed after the program; this cannot allege that it is an effect of the program, since LBP has a multifactorial origin
Summary
Adolescents can be predisposed to the development of musculoskeletal disorders due to the inadequate and/or prolonged static postures adopted in the classroom, the inadequate school furniture, the inadequate transport of the school backpack, and the excess of weight. These risk behaviors related to posture are associated with periods of a growth spurt, which contribute to the development of postural changes and low back pain (LBP) in adolescence [2,3,4,5,6,7]
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